Robert Boutilier has achieved a broad, general understanding of metabolic depression and its significance in animals. Bob Boutilier is a master of integration. He was the first to realize the protective effects of metabolic rate depression in animals exposed to hypoxia and hypothermia when submerged in the cold. He has described defense mechanisms against hypoxia at many levels of organization in animals. Robert Boutilier has received many honors and awards. Despite a very active research program he has also found time to edit the Journal of Experimental Biology, which he has steered from success to success during times of great change.

Brand has established an international reputation for his contributions to our knowledge of the excited states of molecules through studies of their optical spectra. One of his early successes involved the recognition that formaldehyde is non-planar in its first excited state. His analysis of the spectra of other aldehydes and of aromatic molecules has given information on the structures of these molecules in excited states. His recent work in unravelling the complex rotational structure in the spectra of C10_, NO_ and SO_ is particularly noteworthy. His studies of singlet-triplet perturbations have provided valuable information on non-radiative transitions in molecules.

Holding appointments in both philosophy and political science at Dalhousie, and currently (after retirement from Dalhousie) holds the Centennial Commission Chair in the Liberal Arts at the University of Texas at Austin, where again he is a professor in both subjects, Professor Braybrooke's central concern has been with ethical theory, and more particularly with the problem of utilitarianism as a foundation for social policy. His work in this fieldswhich combines sophisticated formal analysis with the discussion of concrete political and social problems as well as a wide-ranging interdisciplinarity, has been recognized both in Canada and abroad as a distinguished and timely contribution to "applied" philosophy, Professor Braybrooke is author of four books and numerous articles in the journals of several disciplines. He is past president of the C.P.A. and the C.A.U.T., and a former Guggenheim Fellow. As of April, 1999, he has written six more books on the concept of needs, philosophy of social science and nature of social rules.

MICHAEL BRECHER, B.A. (McGill, 1946), M.A. (Yale, 1948), PH.D. (Yale, 1953), who has held numerous post-doctoral fellowships and travel awards, is R.B. Angus Professor of political science, McGill University, where he was first appointed in 1952. He is author of 25 major articles and nine books: "The Struggle for Kashmir" (1953), "Nehru: A Political Biography" (1959), "The New States of Asia: A Political Analysis" (1963), "Succession in India: A Study in Decision- Making" (1966), "India and World Politics: Krishna Menon's View of the World" (1968), "Political Leadership in India: An Analysis of Elite Attitudes" (1969), and " The Foreign Policy System of Israel: Setting, Images, Process" (1972), "Decisions in Israel's Foreign Policy" (1974), and "Israel, the Korean War and China" (1974). He has applied the theoretical concepts of foreign policy analysis to his own foreign policy interests with a diligence and an insight that have commanded scholarly approbation throughout the world. His studies of the foreign policy of India and of Israel are basic.

Professor Breton addresses fundamental social questions with the tool of economic analysis. He is best known for the development and use of economic theory to analyse political phenomena over a decade beginning with a widely noted article in the "Journal of Political Economy" on 'The Economics of Nationalism' in 1964 to his recent book on "The Economics Theory of Representative Government". He is also an authoritative writer in public finance and monetary economics. In addition, Professor Breton is an influential adviser of government and a link between English and French speaking social scientists in Canada.